The Role Of Religious Institutions In Shaping Legal Discourse On Euthanasia In India: Balancing Individual Rights And Moral Values In A Secular Framework
- Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research
- Jan 27, 2025
- 1 min read
Nikita Jha, LLB, Law Centre-I, Faculty of Law, Delhi University
ABSTRACT
Euthanasia originates from the Greek words, EU which means good and Thanatos which means death. It is the intentional ending of a life where people are suffering from such a disease that there is no scope for recovery. This paper will analyze the interplay between religious ideals and the legal framework in India and also the conflict between individual autonomy, religious values and constitutional principles. Initially, it will explore the historical development of Euthanasia over time highlighting its evolving ethical and cultural dimensions.
The paper will further define the types of euthanasia- weighing the merits such as respecting personal autonomy against its demerits including ethical concerns. We will then delve into the comparative analysis of global and Indian religious perspectives on euthanasia, elaborating on the various religions which are there in India and their perspective on euthanasia.
The Indian jurisprudence has progressively dealt with euthanasia which is evident from landmark cases like Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab (1996), Aruna Shanbaug (2011), and Common Cause v. Union of India (2018), which legalised passive euthanasia under strict conditions. These rulings showcase how the judiciary has tried to balance secular ideas with religious beliefs.
The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of discourse and dialogue between religious leaders and legal entities to balance secular principles with religious ideals. India’s legal evolution on euthanasia reflects its efforts to respect individual dignity and personal autonomy while addressing ethical, religious, and societal concerns.
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